BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
Course Structure
(I Year) Semester I
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Analysis-1
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Analysis-1 Practical
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I (Inorganic Pharm. Chemistry)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I (Inorganic Pharm. Chemistry) Practical
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics –I (General Pharmacy)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutics –I (General Pharmacy) Practical
2(0-0-2)
COMP-401
Basic Electronics & Computer Applications
3(3-0-0)
COMP-402
Basic Electronics & Computer Applications Practical
2(0-0-4)
Remedial Mathematics
4(4-0-0)
Remedial Biology
5(3-0-4)
English for Professionals -I
2(2-0-0)
(I Year) Semester II
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Physical Chemistry)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Practical (Physical Chemistry)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry –I)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III Practical (Organic Chemistry –I)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-II (Unit Operation – I )
3(3-0-0)
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Health Education –I
3(3-0-0)
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Health Education – I Practical
2(0-0-4)
Advanced Mathematics
4(4-0-0)
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(II Year) Semester III
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Analysis-II
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Analysis-II Practical
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV (Organic Chemistry - II)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV Practical (Organic Chemistry – II)
2 (0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-III (Unit Operation – II)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutics-III (Unit Operation – II) Practical
2(0-0-4)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-I Practical
2(0-0-4)
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology of Common Diseases-II
4(4-0-0)
Environmental Sciences -I
2(2-0-0)
(II Year) Semester IV
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutics-IV (Physical Pharmacy)
Pharmaceutics-IV Practical (Physical Pharmacy)
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
4(4-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical
2(0-0-4)
Pharmacognosy-II
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-II Practical
2(0-0-4)
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology of Common Diseases-III 4(4-0-0)
Environmental Sciences-II
2(2-0-0)
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(III Year) Semester V
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Biochemistry)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Biochemistry) Practical
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-V (Pharmaceutical Technology – I)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutics-V Practical (Pharmaceutical Technology – I)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-VI (Hospital Pharmacy)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-III
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-III Practical
2(0-0-4)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacology-I Practical
2(0-0-4)
(III Year) Semester VI
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Medicinal Chemistry –I)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI Practical (Medicinal Chemistry–I)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-VII (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutics-VII Practical (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence & Ethics.
4(4-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-IV
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-IV Practical
2(0-0-4)
3(0-0-4)
Pharmacology-II Practical
2(0-0-4)
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(IV Year) Semester VII
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VII (Medicinal Chemistry II)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VII Practical (Medicinal Chemistry II)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-VIII (Pharmaceutical Technology –II)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutics-VIII Practical (Pharmaceutical Technology–II)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutical Bio-Technology
4(4-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Industrial Management
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-V (Chemistry of Natural Products)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacognosy-V Practical (Chemistry of Natural Products)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmacology-III
3(3-0-0)
Pharmacology-III Practical
2(0-0-4)
(IV Year) Semester VIII
Course code
Course Title
Pharmaceutical Analysis-III
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Analysis-III Practical
3(0-0-6)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VIII (Medicinal Chemistry III)
3(3-0-0)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VIII Practical (Medicinal Chemistry III)
2(0-0-4)
Pharmaceutics-IX (Dosage Form Design)
4(4-0-0)
Pharmacology IV (Clinical Pharmacy & Drug Interactions)
4(4-0-0)
Project Related to Elective TOPICS
2(0-0-4)
SEMESTER –I
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I
1. Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control, different techniques of
analysis, preliminaries and definitions, significant figures, rules for retaining significant digits, types of errors, mean deviation, standard deviation, statistical treatment of small data sets, selection of sample, precision and accuracy, fundamentals of volumetric analysis, methods of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards.
2. Acid Base Titrations : Acid base concepts, Role of solvent, Relative strengths of
acids and bases, Ionization, Law of mass action, Common ion effect, Ionic product of water, pH, Hydrolysis of salts, Henderson- Hesselbach equation, Buffer solutions, Neutralization curves, Acid- base indicators, Theory of indicators, Choice of indicators, mixed indicators, Polyprotic system, Polyamine and amino acid systems, Amino acid titration, applications in assay H3PO4,
NaOH, CaCO3 etc.
3. Oxidation Reduction Titrations : Concepts of oxidation and reduction, Redox
reactions, strengths and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, Theory of redox titrations, Redox indicators, Cell representations, Measurement of electrode potential, Oxidation –reduction curves, Iodimetry and Iodometry, Titrations involving ceric sulphate, potassium iodate, potassium bromate, potassium permanganate, titanous chloride and Sodium 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol.
4. Precipitation Titrations : Precipitation reactions, Solubility products, Effect of
acids, temperature and solvent upon the solubility of a precipitate.Argentometric titrations and titrations involving ammonium or potassium thiocyanate, mercuric nitrate and barium sulphate, Indicators, Gay-lussac method; Mohrs method, Volhard's method and Fajan's method.
5. Gravimetric Analysis : Precipitation techniques, Solubility products; The
colloidal state, Supersaturation co-precipitration, Post- precipitation, Digestional washing of the precipitate, Filtration, Filter papers and crucibles, Ignition, Thermogravimetric curves, specific examples like barium sulphate, aluminium as aluminium oxide, calcium as calcium oxalate and magnesium as magnesium pyrophosphate, Organic precipitants.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I
PRACTICAL
Course Code: PHA 311
Credits: 2
The students should be introduced to the main analytical tools through
demonstrations. They should have a clear understanding of a typical analytical balance, the requirements of a good balance, weights, care and use of balance, methods of weighing and errors in weighing. The students should also be acquainted with the general apparatus required in various analytical procedures.
1. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus.
2. Acid Base Titrations : Preparation and standardization of acids and bases;
some exercises related with determination acids and bases separately or in mixture form, some official assay procedures e.g. boric acid should also be covered.
3. Oxidation Reduction Titrations : Precipitation and standardization of some
redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate, etc. Some exercises related to determination of oxidizing and reducing agents in the sample should be covered. Exercises involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution, titanous chloride, sodium 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and ceric ammonium sulphate.
4. Precipitation titrations : Preparation and standardization of titrants like
silver nitrate and ammonium thiocyanate, Titrations according to Mohr's, Volhard's and Fajan's methods.
5. Gravimetric Analysis: Preparation of gooch crucible for filtration and use of
sintered glass crucible; Determination of water of hydration, Some exercises related to gravimetric analysis should be covered.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – I
(INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY)
Credits - 3
AN OUTLINE OF METHODS OF PREPARATION, USES, SOURCES OF IMPURITIES, TESTS FOR PURITY AND IDENTITY, INCLUDING LIMIT TESTS FOR IRON, ARSENIC, LEAD , HEAVY METALS, CHLORIDE, SULPHUR AND SPECIAL TESTS IF ANY, OF THE FOLLOWING CLASSES OF INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICALS INCLUDED IN INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA.
Acids and Bases: Buffers, Water.
Gastrointestinal Agents: Acidifying agents, Antacids, Protectives and Adsorbents,
Cathartics.
Major intra- and Extra-cellular Electrolytes: Physiological ions, Electrolytes used for
replacement therapy, acid-base balance and combination therapy.
Essential and Trace Elements: Transition elements and their compounds of pharmaceutical
importance: Iron and haematinics, mineral supplements.
Cationic and anionic components of inorganic drugs useful for systemic effects.
Topical Agents: Protectives, Astringents and Anti-infectives.
Gases and Vapours : Oxygen, Anesthetics and Respiratory stimulants.
Dental Products : Dentifrices, Anti-caries agents.
Complexing and chelating agents used in therapy.
Miscellaneous Agents: structure chemical properties and uses of Sclerosing agents,
expectorants, emetics, poisons and antidotes, sedatives etc.
Pharmaceutical Aids used in Pharmaceutical industry. Anti-oxidants, preservatives, filter aids, adsorbents, diluents, excipients, suspending agents, colorants etc.
Inorganic Radio Pharmaceuticals: Nuclear radio pharmaceuticals, Reactions,
Nomenclature, Methods of obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurement of
activity, clinical applications and dosage, hazards and precautions. Sources of impurities &
their control, limit test for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride &
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – I
(INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY)
Course Code: PHA – 313
Credits - 2
1. To perform limit test of chloride, sulphate, Iron, Heavy metal and arsenic in the given
2. Salt analysis . 3. Preparation of chemical compounds elonging to the different classes.
All identification tests for pharmacopoeial inorganic pharmaceuticals and qualitative tests for cations and anions should be covered.
PHARMACEUTICS- I
(General Pharmacy)
THEORY
Course
Credits-3
1. History of Pharmacy : Origin & development of pharmacy, scope of pharmacy, introduction
to pharmacopoeias with special reference to I.P, B.P., U.S.P,.
2. Pharmaceutical Additives : Coloring, flavouring & sweetening agents, cosolvents,
preservatives, surfactants & their applications, antioxidants.
3.Pharmaceutical calculations : Posology, calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly
patients; Enlargig and reducing recipes,percentage solutions, allegation, alcohol dilution, proof
spirit, isotonic solutions, displacement values, etc.Metrology ,latin terms & abbrevations.
4. Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of :
Monophasic liquid dosage forms
Solutions taken orally, solutions applied externally,solutions instilled into body cavities.
Biphasic liquiod dosage forms
Emulsions & suspensions
Official solutions.
Semisolid dosage forms
ointments,pastes,creams
Solid dosage forms.
5. Incompatibilities :
Physical and chemical incompatibilities, inorganic incompatibilities including incompatibilities of metals and their salts, non-metals, acids, alkalis, organic incompatibilities, Purine bases, alkaloids, pyrazolone derivatives, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, carbohydrates, glycosides, anesthetics, dyes, surface active agents, correction of incompatibilities. Therapeutic incompatibilities.
PHARMACEUTICS – I
(General pharmacy)
Credits-2
1. Dispensing of prescriptions falling under the categories : Mixtures, solutions,
emulsions, creams, ointments, powders, suppositories, opthalmics, capsules, pastes, jellies, pastiles, lozenges, pills, tablet triturates, lotions, liniments, inhalations, paints, etc.
2. Identification of various types of incompatibilities in prescription, correction of thereof
and dispensing of such prescriptions.
3. Dispensing procedures involving pharmaceutical calculations, pricing of prescriptions
and dosage calculations for pediatric and geriatric patients.
4. Dispensing of prescriptions involving adjustment of tonicity.
BASIC ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Credits:
3(3+0+0)
1. Basic Electronics
Semiconductors, p-n junction diode, LED, Photodiode and its uses, Half & Full wave rectifiers, Transistors configuration, Transistor amplifiers, introduction to integrated circuit, photo cell and photo multiplier tubes.
2. Computers.
2.1 Introduction to Computers
Need and Role, Definition, Characteristics and Applications, Hardware: Basic block diagram & components, System & Application Softwares, Data & its Representation.
2.2 Operating System
Introduction, Functions,Working with DOS and Windows.
2.3 Computer Networks & Internet
Introduction , Types, Internet: History, usage and applications , Intranet.
2.4 Computer Languages
Generations, Translators (Assembler, Interpreter and compiler), Programming
Techniques, Algorithms & Flowcharts
2.5 ‘C' Language
Expressions & Operators, Input/Output Statements, Control Statements, Array, Functions
2.6 Introduction to MS Office
MS-Word, MS-Excel and MS-Power point
2.7 Computer applications in Pharmacy.
BASIC ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Code: COMP 402
Credits: 2
Practicals:
1. Working with operating systems like MS-DOS, Windows 2. Study of Software packages like MS-Word, MS-Excel and MS-Power point 3. Packages related to Medical Applications 4. How to search data, workable knowledge of Internet 5. Cyber etiquettes 6. Simple programs in C language
To find the largest among three numbers
To check whether the given number is palindrome or not.
To find whether the given number is the prime.
To find sum and average of n integer using linear array
To generate the Fibonacci series
To find factorial of a given number using function.
REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS
Course Code: MAS-
Algebra : Equations reducible to quadratics, simultaneous equations (linear and quadratic),
determinants, prperties of solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer's rule, matrices,
definition of special kinds of matrices, arithmetic operations on matrices, inverse of a
matrix, solution of simultaneous equations by matrices, pharmaceutical applications of
determinants and matrices. Evaluation of En1, En2, and En3, mensuration and its
pharmaceutical applications.
Trigonometry : Measurement of angle, T- ratios, addition, subtraction and transformation
formulae, T- ratios of multiple, submultiple, allied and certain angles, Application of
logarithms in pharmaceutical computations.
Analytical Plane Geometry : Certain co-ordinates, distance between two points, area of
triangle, a locus of point, straight line slope and intercept form, double- intercept form,
normal (perpendicular form), slope-point and two point form, general equation of first
degree.
Calculus:
Differential :
Limits and functions, definition of differential coefficient, diffentiation of standard functions, including function of a function ( Chain rule). Differentiation of implicit functions, logarithmic differentiation, parametric differentiation, successive differentiation.
Integral :
Integration as inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard forms, integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions, formal evaluation of definite integrals.
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
CREDITS-
5(3-0-2)
Methods of classification of plants.
Plant Cell : Its structure and non -living inclusions; mitosis and meiosis, different types
of plant tissues and their functions.
Morphology and histology of root , stem , bark , wood , leaf, flower fruit and seed. Modification of root and stem.
General Survey of Animal Kingdom, Structure and life history of parasites as illustrated by amoeba, entamoeba, trypanosoma, plasmodium, taenia, ascaris, schistosoma, oxyuris, and ancyclostoma.
General Structurre and life history of insects like mosquito, housefly, mites and silkworm.
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL
1. Morphology of plant parts indicated in theory. 2. Care, use and type of microscopes. 3. Gross identification of slides of structure and life cycle of lower plants, animals
mentioned in theory.
4. Morphology plant parts indicated in theory. 5. Preparation, microscopic examination of stem, root and leaf of monocot and dicot
6. Structures of human parasites and insects mentioned in theory with the help of
COURSE: ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONALS-I
Course Code: LNG 401 Credit Hours: (2-0-2) 3
Language:
b. Parts of Speech
d. Vocabulary Building (Synonyms, Antonyms, One word substitution, Homonyms
f. Effective use of Punctuation
Technical Writing :
a. Formal letters
b. Essay Writing
c. Précis Writing
Spoken English :
a. Phonetics
Books Prescribed:
• Martinet A.V. and Thomson A.J.A Practical English
Grammar,IV ed. 1986, Oxford
University Press, Delhi.
• Agarwal, Malti: Krishna's Professional
Communication,KRISHNA Prakashan
Media(P) Ltd, Meerut.
• Iyadurai P. English Phonetics for Beginners, I ed, 1992, Jones
• Balasubramaniam, T: A Text Book of English Phonetics for
Indian Students,
MACMILLAN INDIA LTD.
SEMESTER –II
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – II
(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
Course code: PHA-320
Credits-3
1. Behaviour of Gases: Kinetic theory of gases, deviation from behaviours and
2. The Liquid state: Physical Properties (surface tension, parachor, viscosity,
refractive index, optical rotation, dipole moments and chemical constituents).
3. Solutions: Ideal and real solutions, solutions of gases in liquids, - colligative
properties, partition coefficient, conductance and its measurement, Debye Huckel theory.
4. Thermodynamics: First, second and third laws, Zeroth law, absolute temperature
scale, thermochemical equations.
5. Adsorption: Freudlich and Gibbs adsorption, isotherms, Langmuir theory of
6. Electro chemistry : Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis, Electrolytic conductance & its
measurement, molar & equivalent conductivity, its variation with dilution. Kohlrausch law,Arrhenius theory, degree of ionisation & Ostwald dilution law. Transport number & migration of ion, Hittorfs theoretical device, theory of strong elecrolytes (Debye Huckle theory).]
7. Chemical Kinetics: Zero, first and second order reactions, complex reactions,
theories of reaction kinetics, characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyasis, acid base and enzyme catalysis.
8. Phase equilibria : Phase, component, degree of freedom, phase rule (excluding
derivation). Cooling curves & Phase diagrams for one & two component system involving eutectics, ongruent & incongruent melting point (examples-water, sulphur, KI-H2O, NaCI-H2O system). Distribution law & application to solvent extraction.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – II
(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
PRACTICAL
Course code: PHA-321
Credits-2
1. To determine refractive index of given liquids and find out the contribution of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen in molar refraction of a compound.
2. To determine the specific rotation of sucrose at various concentrations and determine the
intrinsic rotation.
3. To determine the cell constant, verify Ostwald dilution law and perform conductometric
4. To determine rate constant of simple reaction. 5. Determination of cell constant, verify Ostwald dilution law and perform conductometric
6. Determination of surface tension. 7. Determination of partition co-efficient. Determination of viscosity.
8. pH determination by different methods. 9. Determination of solubility.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY –III
(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I)
Course code: PHA-322
The subject of organic chemistry will be treated in its modern perspective keeping for the sake of convenience, the usual classification of organic compounds:
1. Structure and Properties : Atomic structure, Atomic orbitals, Molecular orbital theory,
wave equation, Molecular orbitals, Bonding and antibonding orbitals, Covalent bond, Hybrid orbitals, intramolecular forces, Bond dissociation energy, Polarity of bonds, Polarity of molecules, structure and physical properties, intermolecular forces, Acids and bases.
2. Stereochemistry : Isomerism and nomenclature and associated physicochemical properties,
optical activity, stereoisomerism, specification of configuration, Reactions involving stereoisomers, chirality, chiral reagents conformations.
3. Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions of : Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes;
Cycloalkanes, Dienes, Benzene, Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Arenes, Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, Phenols, Aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, Functional derivatives of carboxylic acids, Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrene and nitrenium ions.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY –III
(ORGANIC
Course code: PHA-323
Credits-2
The student should be introduced to the various laboratory techniques through
demonstrations involving synthesis of selected organic compounds ( e.g. aspirin, p-bromoacetanilide, anthraquinone from anthracine, reduction of nitrobenzene etc.) 2.
Identification of organic compounds and their derivatisation.
Introduction to the use of stereomodels.
Purification of solvents like Benzene, chloroform, acetone and Preparation of
absolute alcohol. 5.
Synthesis of compounds involving benzoylation, acetylation, bromination,
reduction & oxidation. 6.
Purification of solvents like Benzene, chloroform, acetone and preparation of
absolut alcohol.
PHARMACEUTICS - II
(UNIT OPERATION- I)
Credits-
1. Unit Operations : Introduction, basic laws.
2. Stoichiometry : Unit processes, material and energy balances, molecular units, mole
fraction, tie substance, gas laws, mole volume, primary and secondary quantities, equilibrium
state, rate processes, steady and unsteady states, dimensionless formulae, dimensionless groups,
different types of graphic representation, mathematical problems.
3. Heat transfer : Source of heat, heat transfer, steam and electricity as heating media,
determination of requirement of amount of steam/electrical energy, steam pressure, Boiler
capacity, mathematical problems on heat transfer.
4.Fluid Flow : Types of flow, Reynold's number, Viscosity, Concept of boundary layer, basic
equations of fluid flow, valves, flowmeters, manometers and measurement of flow and pressure.
5. Material Handling Systems :
a. Liquid handling – Different types of pumps. b. Gas handling - Various types of fans, blowers and compressors. c. Solid handling – Bins, Bunkers, Conveyors, Air transport.
6. Filtration and centrifugation: Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters
including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, etc. Factors affecting filtration, mathematical
problems on filtration, optimum-cleaning cycle in batch filters, Principles of centrifugation,
industrial centrifugal filters, and centrifugal sedimenters.
7. Crystallization: Characteristics of crystals like – purity, size, shape, geometry, habit, forms
size and factors affecting them. Solubility curves and calculation of yields. Material and heat
balances around Swenson Walker Crystallizer. Supersaturation theory and its limitations,
Nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth. Study of various types of crystallizer, tanks, agitated
batch, Swenson Walker, Single vacuum, circulating magma and crystal Crystallizer, caking of
crystals and its prevention. Numerical problems on yields.
8. Material of Construction : General study of composition , corrosion, resistance, Properties
and applications of materials of construction with special reference to stainless steel and glass.
9. Industrial Hazards and Safety Precautions : Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire and
dust hazards. Industrial dermatitis, Accident records, Radiation hazards. etc.
HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION –I
Unit –I
a. Introduction to human body & organization of human body.
b. Functional & structural characteristics of cell.
c. Detailed structure of cell membrane & physiology of transport process.
d. Structural & functional characteristics of tissues- epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve.
Skeletal system-
Structure, composition & functions of skeleton. Classification of joints, types of movements of joints.
Anatomy & physiology of skeletal & smooth muscle, neurotransmission, physiology of skeletal muscle contraction, energy metabolism, types of muscle contraction, muscle tone.
Unit-III
Haemopoietic system: Composition & function of blood & its elements, erythopoesis, blood groups, blood coagulation.
a) Concepts of health & disease: Disease causing agents & prevention of disease.
b) Classification of food requirements: Balanced diet, Nutritional deficiency disorders, their treatment & prevention, specification for drinking water.
Sense Organs: Basic anatomy and physiology of the eye (vision), ear (hearing), taste buds, nose
(smell), and skin (superficial receptors).
Lymphatic System
Composition, formation and circulation of lymphs, lymph node and spleen.
HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION-I
1. Study of human skeleton.
2. Microscopic study of different tissues.
3. Estimation of haemoglobin in blood, Determination of bleeding time, clotting time, R.B.C, Count, Total leucocyte count, D.L.C. and E.S.R.
4. Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure, basic understanding of Electrocardiogram – PQRST waves and their significance.
ADVANCED MATHEMEATICS
1. Differential Equations : Revision of integral calculus, definition and formation of
differential equations, equations of first order and first degree, variable separable,
homogeneous and linear differential equations reducible to such types, linear differential
equations of the order greater than one with constant coefficients, complementary function
and particular integral, simultaneous linear differential equations, pharmaceutical
2. Laplace transforms : Definition, transforms of elementary functions, properties of linearity
and shifting, inverse laplace transforms, transforms of derivatives, solution of ordinary and
simultaneous differential equations.
3. Biometrics: sample size, data organization, diagrammatic representation of data,bar ,pie, 2-D
and 3-D diagrams, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, Standard Deviation
and standard error of means, coefficient of variation, probability and events, Bayes'
theorem,probability distribution, elements of binomial and Poisson distribution, normal
distribution curve and properties, kurtosis and skewness, correlation and regression analysis,
method of least squares, statistical inference, Student's and paired t-test, F-test and elements
of ANOVA, applications of statistical concepts in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
SEMESTER –III
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – II
THEORY
Credits-
Theoretical considerations and application in drug analysis and quality control of the
following analytical techniques.
Non-aqueous titrations
Complexometric titrations
Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis : Diazotisation titrations, Kjeldahl method
of nitrogen estimation, Karl-Fischer titration, Oxygen flask combustion,
Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients
Chromatography: The following techniques will be discussed with relevant
examples of Pharmacopoeial products.
TLC, HPLC, GLC, HPTLC, Paper Chromatography and Column
Coulometry
Amperometry
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – II
Credits-
1. Nonaqueous Titrations : Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and
sodium/potassium/lithium methoxides solutions; Estimations of some pharmacopoeial
2. Complexometric Titrations: Preparations and standardization of EDTA solution, some
exercises related to pharmacopoeial assays by complexometric titrations.
3. Miscellaneous Determinations : Exercises involving diazotisation, Kjeldahl, Karl-Fischer,
Oxygen flask combustion and gasometry methods. Determination of alcohol content in
liquid galenicals, procedure (BPC) shall be covered.
4. Experiments involving separation of drugs from excipients.
5. Chromatographic analysis of some pharmacopoeial products.
6. Exercises based on acid base titration in aqueous and non-aqueous media, oxidation
reduction titrations using potentiometric technique, Determination of acid-base
disassociation constants and plotting of titration curves using pH meter.
7. Exercises involving polarimetry.
8. Exercises involving conductometric and polarograpic techniques.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – IV
(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II)
Credits-
Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions; α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds; conservation of orbital
symmetry and rules.
Electrocyclic, Cycloaddition and signatropic reactions.
Heterocyclic Compound – Nomenclature, Chemistry, preparation, properties and
Pharmaceutical importance of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazole,
pyrazole, thiazole, benzimidazole, indole, phenothiazines.
Classification, structure, reactions, structure elucidation, identification of Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides – Glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides – Sucrose, lactose and maltose.
Polysaccharides – Starch.
Classification, identification, general methods of preparation and reactions of amino acids
and proteins.
Chemistry of lipids and Nucleic acids.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – IV
(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II)
Course code: PHA-433
At least five exercises in synthesis involving various heterocyclic ring systems, An
exercise involving stereoselective synthesis of a compound. Resolution of racemic DL- alanine or
any other example. Workshop on molecular modelling of primary, secondary and tertiary
structures of proteins, molecular modeling on double helical structure of nucleic acid showing
hydrogen bonding. Identification of organic compounds with derivatization.
PHARMACEUTICS –III
(UNIT OPERATION- II)
THEORY
Course
Credits-3
1. Evaporation : Basic concept of phase equilibria, factor affecting evaporation,
evaporators, film evaporators, single effect and multiple effect evaporators, mathematical
problems on evaporation.
2. Distillation : Raoult's law, phase diagrams, volatality; simple steam and flash
distillations, principles of rectification, Mc. Cabe Thiele method for calculation of
number of theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillation. Mathematical
problems on distillation.
3. Drying : Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time drying
calculations; classification and type of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries
and special drying methods. Mathematical problems in drying.
4. Size reduction and size separation : Definition, objectives of size reduction,
factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of mills
including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill, etc.
5. Mixing : Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing
6.Dehumidification and Humidity Control : Basic concepts and definition, wet bulb
and adiabatic saturation temperatures, Psychrometric chart and measurement of humidity,
application of humidity measurement
in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operations.
Refrigeration and Air conditioning: Principal and applications of refrigeration
and air conditioning.
PHARMACEUTICS –III
(UNIT OPERATION- II)
Credits-2
1. Measurement of flow of fluids and their pressure determination, Reynolds's
number and calculation of Frictional losses.
2. Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate of filtration and study of factors
affecting filtration.
3. Experiments to demonstrate applications of centrifugation. 4. Thermometers and Psychrometric charts. 5. Determination of humidity- use of Dry bulb and Wet bulb. 6.Determination of rate of evaporation.
7.Experiments based on steam, extractive and azeotropic distillations.
8.Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content.
9.Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the rate of drying
10.Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of size reduction.
11.Experiments to illustrate solid-solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using different types of mixers.
PHARMACOGNOSY – I
1. Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy.
2. Sources of drugs : Biological, marine, mineral and plant tissue cultures as sources of drugs.
3. Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical and
pharmacological classification of drugs.
4. Plant taxonomy: Study of the following families with special reference to medicinally
important plants- Apocynacae, Solanaceae, Compositeae, Umbellifereae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae.
5. Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs: Factors influencing
cultivation of medicinal plants. Types of soils and fertilizers of common use. Pest management and natural pest control agents. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.
6. Quality control of crude drugs: Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by
organoleptic, microscopic, physical chemical and biological methods of evaluation as per WHO guidelines.
7. Systematic pharmacognostic study of following :
a) Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Algin, Guar gum, acacia, Honey, Isabgol,
Pectin, Starch, Sterculia and Tragacanth.
b) Lipids: Bees wax, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Cod liver oil, Hydnocarpus oil, Linseed oil,
Rice bran oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat, Lard & Suet.
c) Fibres : Study of fibres used in pharmacy such as cotton, silk, wool, nylon glass-wool,
polyester and asbestos.
d) Pharmaceutical aids : Study of pharmaceutical aids like talc, diatomite, kaolin,
bentonite, gelatin and natural colours.
PHARMACOGNOSY – I
PRACTICAL
Course Code: PHA 437
Credits-2
1. Morphological characteristics of plant families mentioned in theory.
2. Microscopic measurements of cells and Cell contents : Starch grains, calcium
oxalate crystals ,Phloem fibres and other diagnostic characters.
3. Determination of leaf constants such as stomatal index, stomatal number,
vein-islet number, vein termination number and palisade ratio.
4. Identification of crude drugs belonging to carbohydrates and lipids.
5. Study of fibres and pharmaceutical aids.
6. Preparation of herbarium sheets.
HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COMMON
DISEASES-II
Central Nervous System:
Functions of different parts of brain and spinal cord. Neurohumoral transmission in the central nervous system, reflex action, electroencephalogram, specialized functions of the brain. Cranial nerves and their functions.
Autonomic Nervous System
Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous system. Mechanism of neurohumoral transmission the A.N.S.
Unit-II:
Cell injury & Adaptation
Courses of cell injury, pathogenesis & morphology of cell injury.
Cellular Adaptation
Atropy, hypertropy, aplasia, metaplasia, & dysplasia, intracellular accummulation & pathophysiology of Neoplasm.
Basic mechanisms involved in the process of inflammation and repair Alterations in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC's, mediators of inflammation. Brief outline of the process of repair.
Pathophysiology of Joints disorder
Arthritis, gout, myasthenia gravis, spasticity, tetany, fatigue.
Unit-IV:
Demography and Family Planning, Medical termination of pregnancy.
First Aid : Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites, burns, poisoning, fractures and
resuscitation methods.
Communicable Diseases
Brief outline, their causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention (Chicken pox, measles, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, poliomyelities, helminthiasis, malaria, filariasis, rabies, trachoma, tetanus, leprosy, syphillis, gonorrhoea, and AIDS).
Pathophsiology of anaemia, AIDS, hypersensitivity, allergic conditions, epilepsy, Parkinson & Alzeimer's diseases pathophysiology of cataract, glaucoma etc.
SEMESTER –IV
PHARMACEUTICS – IV
(PHYSICAL PHARMACY)
Credits-3
1. Micromeretic and Powder Rheology : Particle size and distribution. Average particle size,
number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle volume , optical microscopy, sieving , sedimentation, measurement, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness and flow properties.
2. Surface and interfacial Phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions,
surface free energy, measurement of of surface and interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interfaces, solid-gas and solid –liquid interfaces, complex films, electrical properties of interface.
3. Viscosity and Rheology : Newtonian systems, Law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of
temperature, non- Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling ball, rotational viscometers.
4. Dispersion Systems :
Colloidal Dispersions :
Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, applications of colloids in pharmacy;
Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated articles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, rheological considerations;
Emulsions:
Types, identification, theories, preparation & physical stability.
6. Complexation: Classification of complexes, methods of preparation and analysis,
PHARMACEUTICS – IV
(PHYSICAL PHARMACY)
PRACTICAL
Course code: PHA-441
.Determination of particle size, particle size distribution and surface area using various methods of particle size analysis.
1. Determination of derived properties of powders like density, porosity,
compressibility, angle of repose etc.
2. Determination of surface / interfacial tension, HLB value and critical micellar
concentration of surfactants.
3. Study of rheological properties of various types of systems using different
4. Studies of different types of colloids and their properties. 5. Preparation of various types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation
6. Preparation and stability studies of emulsions. 7. Studies on different types of complexes and determination of their stability
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
Course
Credits-4
1. Introduction to the scope of microbiology 2. Structure of bacterial cell 3. Classification of microbes and their taxonomy. Actinomycetes, bacteria, rickettsiae,
spirochetes and viruses
4. Identification of microbes: Stains and types of staining techniques, electron
5. Nutrition, cultivation, isolation of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, viruses, etc. 6. Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods.
a. Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants, dynamics of disinfection,
disinfectants, disinfectants and antiseptics and their evaluation.
b. Sterilization, different methods, validation of sterilization methods and
7. Sterility testing of all pharmaceutical products. 8. Immunity, primary and secondary, defensive mechanisms of body, microbial
resistance, interferon.
9. Microbial assays of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acidsas per pharmacopoeia.
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
PRACTICAL
Course
Credits-2
Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media, subculturing of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungus and yeast, various staining methods, various methods of isolation and identification of microbes, sterilization techniques and their validation, evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants, testing the stability of pharmaceutical products as per IP requirements, microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins, etc.
PHARMACOGNOSY - II
Credits-
Resins : Study of Drugs containing Resins and Resin Combination like Colophony,
podophyllum, jalap, cannabis, capsicum, myrrh, asafoetida, balsam of tolu, balsam of peru,
benzoin, turmeric, ginger.
1. Tannins: Study of tannins and tannin containing drugd like Gambir, black catechu,
gall and myrobalans, Ashoka.
2. Volatile Oils : General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, Study of
volatile oils of Mentha, Spearmint, Cinnamon, Cassia, Orange peel, Clove, Coriander, Fennel, Caraway, Dill, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Chenopodium, Cardamom, Valerian, Lemon grass, Citronella.
3. Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products with special reference to
sandalwood oil, lemon grass oil, vetiver oil, geranium oil and eucalyptus oil.
4. Natural Allergans, Photosensitizing agents & fungal toxins
5. Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants.
6. Phytochemical Screening :
a. An introduction to extraction, isolation, & purification.
b. classification and properties of phytoconstituents.
c. Screening of alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, flavonoids
and leucoanthocyanidins, tannins and polyphenols, anthraquinones, cynogenetic glycosides, amino acids in plant extracts.
PHARMACOGNOSY - II
Credits-
1. Identification of crude drugs mentioned in theory. 2. Microscopic studies of - selected crude drugs of volatile oils and their powders 3. Microscopic studies of - selected crude drugs and their powders mentioned under
the category of resin & tannins in theory with their chemical tests.
4. General chemical tests for alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, resins and
HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COMMON
Digestive system
Parts of digestive system, their structure and functions. Various gastrointestinal secretions & their role.
Pathology of disorders related to digestive system Peptic Ulcer, Ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome, Amoebiasis, typhoid, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis of liver, pancreatitis.
Urinary System
Anatomy & physiology of urinary system, physiology of urine formation, acid- base balance, pathophysiology of renal feature, glomerulonephiritis, Urinary tract infection.
Reproductive system
Male & female reproductive system. Menstruation, Pathophysiology of sexually transmitted diseases, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy.
Unit-III
Endocrine system
Anatomy & Physiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, control of harmone secretion, pathophysiology of hypo & hyper secretion of endocrine glands & their disorders e.g. – Diabetes mellitus.
Respiratory System
Anatomy & function of respiratory structures, Mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration, pathophysiology of Asthma, Pneumonia, Bronchits, Emphysema, Tuberculosis.
Cardiovascular System
Functional Anatomy of heart, conducting system of heart, cardiac cycle, ECG (Electro cardiogram). Pathophysiology of hypertension, Angina, CHF, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, Ischaemic heart disease, Arteriosclerosis.
SEMESTER –V
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-V
THEORY
Course Code: PHA-550
Credits-3
1. Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane.
2. The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy from equilibrium constant
and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of ATP and its biological significance.
3.Enzymes: Nomenclature, enzyme kinetics and its mechanism of action, mechanism of
inhibition, enzymes and iso enzymes in clinical diagnosis.
4.Co-enzymes: Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance. Metals as co-enzyme and their
5.Carbohydrate Metabolism: Conversion of polysaccharide to glucose –1-phosphate,
Glycolysis and fermentation and their regulation, Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis,
Metabolism of galactose and galactosemia, Role of sugar nucleotides in biosynthesis, and
Pentosephosphate pathway.
6.The Citric acid Cycle: Significance, reaction and energetic of the cycle, Amphibolic role of
cycle, and glyoxalic acid cycle.
7.Lipid Metabolism: Oxidation of fatty acids, ß- oxidation & energetic, α-oxidation, ω oxidation,
Biosynthesis of ketone bodies and their utilization. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids, control of lipid metabolism, Essential fatty acid and eicosanoids (prostagladins,
thromboxanes and leukotrienes), phospholipids and sphingolipids.
8. Biological oxidation: Redox –potential, enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation
reduction its control, The respiratory chain, its role in energy capture and its control, Energetic of
oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation
9. Metabolism of Ammonia and nitrogen containing Monomers: Nitrogen balance,
Biosynthesis of amino acids, Catabolism of amino acids, conversion of amino acids to specialized
products, assimilation of ammonia, ureacycle, Metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids,
Porphyry biosynthesis, and formation of pile pigments, hyperbilirubinemia, purine biosynthesis,
urine nucleotide interconversion, Pyrimidine biosynthesis, and formation of deoxyribonucleotides
11. Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Brief introduction of genetic organization of the mammalian
genome, alteration and rearrangements of genetic material, Biosynthesis of DNA and its
replication, Mutation, physical and chemical mutagenesis / carcinogenesis, DNA repair
mechanism biosynthesis of RNA.
12. Brief account on genetic engineering, polymerase chain reactions.
Genetic code and protein synthesis:
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-V
Credits-2
1. Preparation of standard buffers (citrate, phosphate and carbonate) and measurement of
2. Separation of amino acids by chromatography. 3. The determination of glucose by means of the enzyme glucose oxidase.Enzymatic
hydrolysis of glycogen by α & β amylase.
4. Effects of temperature on the activity of alpha amylase. 5. Qualitative analysis of inorganic as well as organic constituents of Urine. 6. Titration curve for amino acids. 7. The separation of lipids by TLC. 8. Quantitative estimation of amino acids. 9. Estimation of cholesterol in Blood. 10. Estimation of Glucose in blood & urine. 11. Estimation of Urea in blood. 12. Estimation of ketone bodies in blood. Estimation of cholesterol in Blood.
PHARMACEUTICS - V
(PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY- I)
Course Code: PHA-552
Credits-3
1. LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS: Introduction, types of additives used in formulations, vehicles,
stablisers, preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizer, colors, flavours and
others, manufacturing packaging and evaluation of clear liquids, suspensions and emulsions
official in pharmacopoeia.
2.SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS: Definitions, types, mechanism of drug penetration, factors
influencing penetration, semisolid bases and their selection. General formulation of semisolids,
clear gels manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging.
3. SUPPOSITORIES: Ideal requirements, bases , manufacturing procedure ,packaging and
4.EXTRACTION AND GALANICAL PRODUCTS: Principle and method of extraction,
preparation of infusions, tinctures, dry and soft liquid extracts
5. PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLOS: Definition, propellants, and general formulation,
manufacturing and packing methods, pharmaceutical applications
6.Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: Packaging components, types, specifications
and methods of evaluation, stability aspects of packaging. Packaging equipments, factors
influencing choice of containers, legal and other official requirements for containers,
package testing.
7. COSMETICOLOGY AND COSMETIC PREPARATIONS: Fundamentals of cosmetic
science, structure and functions of skin and hair. Formulation, preparation and packaging of
cosmetics for skin, hair, dentifrice and manicure preparation like nail polish ,lipsticks, eye lashes,
baby care products etc.
(PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY I)
PRACTICALS
Course Code: PHA-551
Credits-2
1. Preparation, evaluation and packaging of liquid orals like solutions, suspensions and
emulsions, ointments, suppositories, aerosols, eye drops, eye ointments etc.
2. Preparation of pharmacopoeia extracts and galanical products utilizing various methods of
3. Formulation of various types of cosmetics for skin, hair, dentifrices and manicure preparations.
PHARMACEUTICS- VI
(HOSPITAL PHARMACY& COMMUNITY PHARMACY)
Course Code: PHA-554
Credits-3
1. Organization and structure: Organization of a hospital and hospital pharmacy,
responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist, pharmacy and therapeutic committee, budget preparation and implementation.
2. Hospital formulary: Contents, preparation and revision of hospital formulary.
3. Prescription : Handling of prescription, source of errors in prescription, care required in
dispensing procedures including labeling of dispensed products.
General dispensing procedures including labeling of dispensed products.
4. Drug store management and inventory control:
a. Organization of drug store, types of materials stocked and storage conditions. b. Purchase and inventory control principles, purchase procedures, purchase order,
procurement and stocking.
5. Drug distribution systems in hospitals:
c. out-patient dispensing, methods adopted. d. Dispensing of drugs to in-patients. Types of drug distribution systems. Charging
policy, labeling.
e. Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients. f. Dispensing of controlled drugs.
6. Central sterile supply unit and their management: Types of materials for sterilization,
packing of materials prior to sterilization, sterilization equipments, supply of sterile materials.
7. Drug information services: Sources of information on drugs, disease, treatment
schedules, procurement of information, computerized services (Medline), Retrieval of
information, medication error.
8. Nuclear pharmacy: production of radio-pharmaceuticals, methods of isotopic tagging,
preparation of radio-isotopes ,radio isotope generators, permissible radiation dose level, Role
of pharmacist in handling radio isotopes.
9. Surgical products: Definition, Primary wound dressing, absorbents, surgical gauzes etc.,
bandages, adhesive tape, protective cellulosic hemostatics, official dressings, absorbable
nonabsorbable sutures, ligatures and catguts. Medical prosthetics and organ replacement materials
10. Community Pharmacy : Organisation and structure of retail and whole sale drug store
types of drug store design, legal; requirements for establishment, maintenance and drug store-
dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of retail and whole sale, patient counseling, role of pharmacist in community health care and education.
Credits-3
1. Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties,
chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following groups of drugs containing glycosides:
Saponins: Liquorice, Ginseng,Methi, dioscorea, and senega.
Cardioactive sterols : Digitalis, Squill, Strophanthus and thevetia
Anthraquinone cathartics : Aloe, Senna, Rhubarb and Cascara.
Others : Psoralea, Ammi majus Ammi visnaga Gentian, Saffron, Chirata,
Quassia, Kalmegh.
Studies of traditional drugs, common vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief constituents, pharmacology, categories and common uses and marketed formulations of following indigenous drugs:
Amla, satavari, Tylophora, Kalijiri, Bach, Punarnava, Chitrack, Aparnarg,
Gokhru, Shankhapusphi, Brahmi, Adusa, Lahsun, Guggal, Gymnema, Shilajit, Nagarmotha, Stevia and Neem.
The holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine. Introduction to ayurvedic preparations like Aristas, Asvas, Gutikas, Tailas, Churnas, Lehyas and Bhasmas.
Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in India
World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products with special refernce to diosgenin (Dioscorea), taxol (Taxus sps) digitalis, Liquorice, Ginseng, Aloe, and plants containing laxatives.
Utilization and production of phytoconstituents such as calcium Sennoside, podophyllotoxin, diosgenin.
8. Herbs as health foods And Herbal cosmetics.
PHARMACOGNOSY - III
Credits-2
Identification of crude drugs listed in theory.
Microscopic study of some important glycoside containing crude drugs as outlined above. Study of powdered drugs.
Standardization of some traditional drug & their formulations
PHARMACOLOGY – I
General Pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms & routes of administration, mechanism of action, concept of receptors, combined effect of drugs, factors modifying drug action, tolerance & dependence, absorption, distribution.
Unit-II :
Metabolism & excretion of drugs, principles of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Adverse drug reactions & treatment of poisoning. ADME drug interactions, Bioassay of drugs & Biological standardization. Discovery & development of new drugs.
Unit-III :
Pharmacology of ANS
a) Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic & somatic)
b) Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, adrenergic receptor & neuron blocking agents, ganglionic stimulants & blocking agents.
Unit-IV :
Pharmacology of CNS
a. Neurohumoral transmission in the CNS b. General anesthetics c. Alcohols and disulfiram d. Sedatives, hypnotics, anti-anxiety agents, and centrally acting muscle relaxants e. Psychopharmacological agents (anti-psychotics), anti depressants, anti-manics and
f. Anti-epileptics drugs g. Anti-parkinsonian drugs h. Analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory and anti-gout drugs
i. Narcotic analgesics and antagonists j. CNS stimulants k. Drug addiction and drug abuse
Drugs acting on PNS
Neuromuscular blockers, Local anaesthetics.
PHARMACOLOGY- I
Course Code: PHA- 558
Credit - 3
1. Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology:
Preparation of different solutions for experiments
Drug dilutions, use of molar and w/v solutions in experimental pharmacology.
Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology
Commonly used animals and anesthetics used in animal studies.
Some common and standard techniques
Bleeding and intravenous injection, intragastric administration.
Procedures for rendering animals unconscious- stunning of rodents, pithing of frogs, chemical euthanasia.
2. Experiments on Intact Preparations
Study of different routes of administration of drugs in mice /rats
To study the effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitors and induction on the pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice.
3. Experiments on Central Nervous System
Recording of spontaneous motor activity, stereotypy, analgesia, anticonvulsant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and muscle relaxant activity of drugs using simple experiments
SEMESTER VI
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VI
(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I)
THEORY
Course Code: PHA-560
Credits-3
Basic principles of Medicinal Chemistry: Physio-chemical aspects (Optical, geometric and bio-
isoterism) of drug molecules and Biological action. Drug receptor interaction including
transduction mechanisms. Drug-receptor interaction including transduction mechanism, concept
of prodrug.
Mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship of the following classes of drugs
(Synthetic procedures of individually mentioned drugs only)
Drugs acting at Synaptic and neuro-effector junction sites:
Cholinergic, Anticholinergic & Anticholinesterases-Neostigmine, carbachol, Methacholine, dicyclamine, Atropine.
Adrenergic Drugs-Ephedrine, Isoproterenol, Amphetamine, Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Adrenaline, methyldopa.
Psychopharmcological Agents :
Antispasmodic and Antiulcer drugs-Dicyclomine, Ranitidine, Omeprazole.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents – Gallamine Mephenesin, Pancuronium.
Neuroleptics – Imipramine, Amitryptyline.flouxitine, busprinone, phenlzine.
Antidepressants – Meprobamate, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, phenobarbitol, pentobarbitol.
Autocoids :
Antihistaminics : Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Cyproheptadine, Cetrizine. Ranitidine,
Famotidine, ketodefen, promethaze.
Drugs acting on the Central Nervous Systerm :
General Anaesthetics-Thiopental, Ketamine, Methohexital.
Local Anaesthetics-Lignocaine, Benzocaine.
Hypnotics and Sedatives-Phenobarbitone, Pentobarbitone alprazolam,
Opioid Analgesics-Pethidine, Methadone, Pentazocine.
Analgesics-antipyretics, anti-inflammatory (Non steroidal) agents Aspirin, Mefeanamic Acid,
Ibuprofen, Diclofenac,
Drugs affecting uterine motility
Oxytocics (including oxytocin and ergot alkaloid.), Eicosanoids Misoprostol, Carboprost.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VI
(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I)
Course Code: PHA-561
Credits-2
1. Synthesis of selected drugs from the course content involving two or more steps.
2. Establishing the pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesized.
PHARMACEUTICS VII
(BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS)
Course Code: PHA-562
Credits-3
Introduction to biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their role in
formulation development and clinical setting.
Biopharmaceutics
a. Factors influencing absorption- physiochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical.
b. Plasma protein binding.
3. Pharmacokinetics
a. Significance of plasma drug concentration measurnments. b. Compartment kinetics – Definition & scope. One compartment and two compartment
models. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data after drug administration by intravascular and oral route.
c. Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption- Zero order and first order absorption rate
constant using wagner- Nelson and Loo Reigelman method.
d. Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient. e. Clearance concept, mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ratio, determination of
f. Extraction ratio, hepatic clearance, biliary excretion, Entero-hepatic circulation. g. Non-linear pharmacokinetics with reference to one compartment model after I.V.
drug administration, Michaelis Menton Equation, detection of non-linearity (saturation mechanism)
4. Clinical Pharmacokinetics
a. Dosage adjustment in patients with & without renal hepatic failure.
5. Bio-availability and bio-equivalence:
a. Measures of bioavailability, Cmax , Tmax and Area Under the Curve (AUC)
b. Design of single dose bio-equivalence study and relevant statistics.
PHARMACEUTICS VII
(BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS)
1. In vitro evaluation of different dosage forms for drug release.
2. Interpretation of Data's as mentioned in the above topics.
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE & ETHICS
Course Code: PHA-564
Credits-4
a. Pharmaceutical legislations – A brief review.
2. An elaborate study of the following
b. Pharmaceutical Ethics c. Pharmacy Act 1948 d. Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 & rules 1945. e. Medicinal toilet Preparations (excise Duties) Act 1955. f. Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & rules. g. Drugs Price Control order.
3.A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions.
a. poisons Act 1919. b. Drugs & Magic remedies (Objectionable advertisements) Act 1954 c. Medical Termination of pregnancy Act 1970 & rules 1975 d. States Shops & establishments Act & rules. e. Ipr &Patent Act 1970. f. Prevention of cruelty to animals act.
Note: The Teaching of all the above Acts should cover the latest amendments
PHARMACOGNOSY- IV
Course Code: PHA-565
Credits-3
1. Systemic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic, macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following alkaloid containing drugs:
a. Pyridine- Piperidine: Tobacco, Areca, and Lobelia
b. Tropane: Belladona, Hyoscyamus, Datura, Coca, and Withania
c. Quinoline and isoquinoline: Chincona, Ipecac, Opium
d. Indole: Ergot, Rawolfia, Canthanathus, Nux-vomica
e. Imidazole: Pilocarpus
f. Steroidal: Veratrum, and Kurchi
g. Alkaliodal amine: Ephedra and Colchicum
h. Glycoalkaloid: Solanum xanthocarpum
i. Purines: Coffee, Tea
2. Biological sources, preparation, identification, tests and uses of the following enzymes:
Diastase, Papain, streptokinase, Penicillinase, Haluronidase, Urokinase
3. Plant bitters and sweeteners
4. Introduction, classification and study of different chromatographic methods and their
applications in evaluation of herbal drugs.
5. World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products with special reference to tropane
alkaloid containing plants, Cinchona, Ipecac, Valerian, Rauwolfia and Papain .
5. Utilization and production of phytoconstituents such as Quinine, Solasodine &Tropane alkaloids.
6. Marine Pharmacognosy
PHARMACOGNOSY- IV
Course Code: PHA-566
Credits-2
1. Identification of crude drugs listed above.
2. Microscopic study of characters of eight- selected drugs given in theory in
entire and powder form
3. Chemical evaluation of powdered drugs and enzymes
4. Chromatographic studies of some herbal constituents.
PHARMACOLOGY – II
Course Code: PHA- 567
Credit – 4
Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System
a) Digitalis and cardiac glycosides. b) Antihypertensive drugs. c) Antianginal and vasodilator Drugs, including calcium channel blockers and beta-
adrenergic antagonists.
d) Antiarrhythmic drugs e) Antihyperlipidemic drugs. f) Drugs used in the therapy of shock.
Unit-II:
Drugs Acting on Hemopoeitic System
a) Hematinics. b) Anticoagulants, Vitamin K and haemostatic agents. c) Fibrolytic and anti-platelet drugs. d) Blood and plasma volume expanders.
Unit III:
Drugs Acting on Respiratory System
a) Anti-asthmatic drugs including bronchodilators. b) Anti-tussives and expectorants. c) Respiratory stimulants.
Unit-IV:
Autocoids
a) Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists. b) Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. c) Pentagastrin, Cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin and Substance P.
Drug acting on the Gastro Intestinal tract
a) Antacids, antisecretory and anti-ulcer drugs. b) Laxatives and antidiarrhoeal drugs. c) Emetics and anti-emetics.
Drugs acting on urinary system
a) Fluid and electrolyte balance. b) Diuretics.
PHARMACOLOGY – II (PRACTICAL)
a) To record the dose response curve (DRC) of Acetylcholine using ileum of rat / rectus
abdominis muscle preparation of frog.
b) To study the effects of Physostigmine and d-tubocurarine on the CRC of acetylcholine
using rat ileum / rectus abdominis muscle preparation of frog.
c) To record the CRC of 5-HT on rat fundus preparation. d) To study the parallel shift of DRC in presence of competitive antagonist on DRC of Ach
using frog/ rat ileum.
e) To study the CRC of histamine on guinea pig on ileum preparation & study the effect of
antihistaminics.
f) Effects of autonomic drugs on rabbit eye.
SEMESTER –VII
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – VII
(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II)
Course Code: PHA-570
Credits: 3
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship
including Physio-chemical properties of the following classes of drugs.
Cardiovascular Agents – Antianginal & vasodilators, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives,
anticoagulants and Antiplatelet drugs,
antihyperlipidemics & cardiotonics – Nifedipine, Procainamide, Propranolol, Methyldopa,
Captopril, guanethidine.
Clofibrate, Warfarin, Phenidione.
Antibacterials – Sulphamethoxazole, Sulphadiazine, Sulphacetamide, Nalidixic acid. [08]
Diuretics – Acetazolamide, Chlorthiazide; Frusemide, Spironolactone triamtrine.
Steroids and related drugs : Introduction, Classification, Nomenclature & Stereochemistry.
(A) Androgens and Anabolic steroids – Testosterone, Stanazolol.
(B) Estrogens and Progestational agents – Progesterone, Estradiol.
(C) Adrenocorticoids – Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone.
Antibiotics-Penicillins, Semi-synthetic, penicillins, streptomycin, tetracyclines, Cephalosporins,
Chloramphenicol, Fluroquinolones.
Antimalarials: Cholroquine, Primaquine, Pyrimethamine
Antiparkinsonism drugs-Carbidopa, Levodopa.
CNS Stimulants-Caffeine, Nikethamide.
Antiseptic and disinfectant nalidixic acid
Anticonvulsants-Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Ethosuximide, Valproic Acid.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – VII
(MEDICINAL
PRACTICAL
Course Code: PHA-571
Credits: 2
1. Synthesis of selected drugs from the course content involving two or more steps.
2. Establishing the Pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesized.
3. Spectral analysis of the drugs synthesized.
(PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY II)
Course Code: PHA-572
1.Tablets:
a) Formulation of different types of tablets, granulation technology on large-scale by
various techniques, physics of tablets making, different types of tablet compression machinery and equipments employed, evaluation of tablets.
b) Coating of Tablets: Types of coating, film forming materials, formulation of coating
solution, equipments for coating, coating process, evaluation of coated tablets.
Stability kinetics and quality assurance.
2.Capsules: Advantages and disadvantages of capsule dosage form, material for production of
hard gelatin capsules, size of capsules, method of capsule filling, soft gelatin, capsule shell and
capsule content, importance of base absorption and minimum/gm factors in soft capsules, quality
control, stability testing and storage of capsule dosage forms.
3.sterile products.
i.Parenteral Products:
a) Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity,
nonaqueous vehicles, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment.
b) Formulation details, containers and closures and selection. c) Prefilling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of solution and
suspensions, filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophillization and preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large-scale manufacture and evaluation of parenteral products.
d) Aseptic Techniques-source of contamination and methods of prevention, Design of
aseptic area, laminar low bench services and maintenance.
Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
ii.Opthalmic preparations: Requirements,formulationsand method of preparation,containers and
evaluation.
4.Microencapsulation: Types of microcapsules, importance of microencapsulation in pharmacy,
micro encapsulation by phase separation, coacervation, multi orifice, spray drying, spray
congealing, polymerization complex emulsion, air suspension technique, coating pan and other
techniques, evaluation of microcapsules.
(PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY II)
PRACTICAL
Course Code: PHA-573
1.Experiments to illustrate preparation, stabilization, physical and biological evaluation of pharmaceutical products like powders, capsules, tablets, parenterals, microcapsules, surgical dressing etc.
2. Evaluation of materials used in pharmaceutical packaging.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course Code: PHA-574
1. Immunology and Immunological preparations: Principles, antigens and haptens,
immune system, cellular humoral immunity, immunological tolerance, antigen-antibody reactions and their application. Hypersensitivity, Active & Passive immunization; Vaccines-their preparation, standardization and storage.
2. Genetic Recombination: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion
and gene cloning and their applications. Development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies. Study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as activase, humulin, and humatrope, HB etc.
3. Antibiotics: Historical development of antibiotics. Antimicrobial spectrum and methods
for their standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design, and control of different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation process. Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillins, streptomycins, tetracyclines and vitamin B12.
4. Microbial transformation: Introduction, types of reactions mediated by
microorganisms, design of biotransformation process and its improvements with special reference to steroids.
5. Enzyme Immobilization: Techniques of immobilization, factors affecting enzyme
kinetics. Study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, pencillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase, amylases and proteases etc. Immobilization of bacteria and plant cells
6.BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES: Collection, processing and
storage of whole human blood, concentrated human RBCs ,dried human plasma, human
fibrinogen, human thrombin, human normal immunoglobulin , human fibrin, foam plasma
substitutes- ideal requirements, PVP,Dextran etc. for control of blood pressure as per I.P
PHARMACETICAL INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
Course Code:PHA-575
1.Concept of Management: Management and Administration (Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing and Controlling), Entrepreneurship development, Operative
Management . Principles of Management (Co-ordination, Communication,
Motivation, Decision-making, leadership, Innovation, Creativity, Delegation of Authority/ Responsibility, Record Keeping). Identification of key points to give maximum thrust for development and perfection.
2. Accountancy:
Principles of Accountancy, Ledger posting and book entries, preparation of trial
balance, columns of a cash book, bank reconciliation statement, rectification of errors, profits and loss account, balance sheet, purchase, keeping and pricing of stocks, treatment of cheques, bills of exchange.
3. Economics: Principles of economics with special reference to the laws of demand and
supply, demand schedule, demand curves, labor welfare, general principles of insurance and
inland and foreign trade, procedure of exporting and importing goods.
4. Pharmaceutical Marketing: Functions, buying, selling, transportation, storage, finance,
feedback, information, channels of distribution, wholesale, retail, departmental store, multiple
shop and mail order business, Function of Markets.
5. Salesmanship: Principles of sales promotion, advertising, ethics of sales, merchandising
literature, detailing. Recruitment, training, evaluation, compensation to the pharmacist and
direct marketing.
6. Market research:
(a) Measuring and Forecasting Market Demands: Major concept in demand
measurement, estimating current demand, estimating industry sales, Market share and future demand.
(b) Market segmentation and Market Targeting.
7. Production management:
A brief exposure of the different aspects of production management-
Performance Evaluation Technique, Process-Flow, Process Know-how, Maintenance Management.
Introduction of Material management with inventory and evaluation of material management.
(CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS)
Credits:3
Introduction to -
a. Chemical and spectral approaches to simple molecules of natural origin.
b. Stereoisomerism taking examples of natural products.
General techniques of biosynthetic studies and basic metabolic pathways. Brief introduction to biogenesis of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance.
Chemistry, biogenesis and important pharmacological activity of following phytoconstituents
a. Medicinally important monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, diterpenes, and triterpenoids.
b. Carotenoids: α-carotenoids, β-crotenes, vitamin A, Xanthophylls of medicinal
c. Glycosides: digitoxin, sennosides, diosgenin
d. Alkaloids: atropine and related compounds, quinine, reserpine, morphine,
ephedrine, ergot
e. Lignans, Quassanoids & flavonoids.
Extraction & Isolation procedures of-
Terpene, Carotene, Digitoxin, Sennoside, Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Morphine, Flavanoids.
Chemistry and therapeutic activity of Penicillin, Streptomycin and Tetracyclines.
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue in pharmacognosy.
PHARMACOGNOSY- V
(CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS)
Credits:
1) Laboratory experiments on isolation, separation, purification of various groups of
chemical constituents of pharmaceutical significance.
2) Exercises on paper and thin layer chromatographic evaluations of herbal drug
3) Extraction of volatile oils and their chromatographic profiles.
4) Introductory Technique experiments in plant tissue culture.
PHARMACOLOGY –III
Pharmacology of endocrine system
a) Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. b) Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs, parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. c) Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents & glucagons. d) ACTH and corticosteroids. e) Androgens and anabolic steroids. f) Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives. g) Drugs acting on the uterus.
a) General principles of chemotherapy. b) Sulfonamides and co-trimoxazole. c) Antibiotics-penicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, erythromycin quinolones and
miscellaneous antibiotics.
Unit III:
a) Chemotherapy of tuberculosis leprosy, fungal diseases, viral diseases, urinary tract
infection and sexually transmitted diseases.
b) Chemotherapy of malignancy and immunosuppressive agents.
Principles of Toxicology
a) Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning with particular
reference to barbiturates, opioids, organophosphorous and atropine poisoning.
b) Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists.
PHARMACOLOGY –III
PRACTICAL
Experiments on Isolated Preparations:
a) To calculate the pA2 value of Atropine & chlorpheniramine using acetycholine as an
agonist on rat ileum preparation.
b) Bioassay of Ach, histamine & oxytocin on suitable isolated preparations using matching
bioassay, bracketing bioassay, three point assay & four point bioassay.
SEMESTER VIII
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-III
PHA-580 Credits-3
GLP, ISO 9000,TQM, Quality Review and Quality Documentation.
Regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis, interpretation of analytical data.
Validation, quality audit: quality of equipment, validation of equipment, and validation of
analytical procedures.
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry : Electronic, excitation, quantitative laws,
deviation from Beer's law, graphical presentation of data. Chromophores photometric error,
instrumentation, single and double beam spectrohotometer.
Colorimetric methods : Chemistry of colorimetry, instrumentation, application (direct methods
indirect methods). Nephelometry & turbidimetry and densiometry.
Infra Red Spectrophotometry :Theory, characteristics absorbance, bands of organic functional
interpretation of infrared absorption spectra, preparation of sample, sample cells, IR
qualitative and quantitative applications in pharmaceutical analysis.
Flourimetric Analysis :Theory, quantitative description, experimental factors affecting
intensity, factors affecting IC and F directly, relationship of fluorescence to molecular structure,
instrumentation, correction of spectra, pharmaceutical applications.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
An introduction to the theory of 1H-NMR, chemical shift & spin-spin coupling, spectra of (CH3
CH2 -OH, CI-CH2 OH, CH3 – CHO, CH3 (CH2)4 CH3, C6 H6, CH3 C6H5 ).
Mass Spectrometry
Introduction to mass spectra, molecular ion peak, fragmentation peaks, mass spectra of some
Flame Photometry
Origin of spectra, atomization and ionization, instrumentation, background emission, interference,
qualitative & quantitative applications in pharmaceutical analysis.
Theory, instrumentation and applications of:
Emission Photometry
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-III
PRACTICAL
Credits-3
1. Quantitative estimation of at least ten formulations containing single drug or more than
one drug, using instrumental techniques.
2. IR of samples with different functional groups (-COOH,-COOR, -CONHR;-NH2-NHR,-
3. workshop to interpret the structure of simple organic compounds using UV,IR. NMR and
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VIII
(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY III)
Course code: PHA-582
Drug metabolism and Concepts of Prodrugs.
Principles of Drug Design: Traditional analogs. Introduction to QSAR and mechanism based
Computer –aided drug design and molecular modeling. Biochemical approaches in drug
designing wherever applicable should be discussed
Mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship of the following classes of drugs
(Synthetic procedures of individually mentioned drugs only)
Antiamoebics: Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Diloxanide
Antimycobacterial Agents: PAS, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Dapsone
Anthelmintics- Mebendazole
Antineoplastic agents: 5-FU, methotrexate, cisplatin.
Thyroid and Antithyroids – Carbimazole, Levothyroxine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole.
Insulin & Oral Hypoglycaemics – Chlorpropamide, Metformin, Tolbutamide, Glybenclamide.
HIV agents – Zidovudine, Zalcitabine, Saquinavir.
Antivirals – Amantadine, Acyclovir, Lamivudine.
Diagnostic Aids: Iopanoic Acid
Antiseptics & Disinfectants – Benzalkonium chloride
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VIII
(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY III)
PRACTICAL
Credits-4
1. Workshop related to Computer –aided drug design, QSAR analysis.
2. Synthesis of selected drugs.
3. Establishing the pharmacopoeal standards and spectral studies.
PHARMACEUTICS IX
(Dosage Form Design)
Credits:
1. Preformulation studies:
(a) Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size shape, density,
wetting, dielectric constant. Solubility dissolution and organoleptic property and their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability.
(b) Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction,
racemization, polymerization, etc., and their influence on formulation and stability of products.
(c) Study of prodrugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and
elegancy of formulations.
2. Process validation methods for pharmaceutical operations involved in the production of Solid, Liquid and Semi- solid dosage form.
3. Stabilization and stability testing protocol for various pharmaceutical products.
4. Performance evaluation methods:
a) In-vitro dissolution studies for solid dosage forms methods, interpretation of
dissolution data.
b) Bioavailability studies and bioavailability testing protocol and procedures. c) In-vivo methods of evaluation and statistical treatment.
5. Introduction to Novel Drug Delivery System with special reference to Colloidal System (Liposomes, proneosomes, neosomes, etc), Transdermal delivery system, Occular delivery system and Nasal delivery system.
CLINICAL PHARMACY AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy
Basic concepts of Pharmacotherapy
a) Clinical Pharmacokinetics and individualization of Drug Therapy. b) Drug Delivery Systems and their Biopharmaceutics and Therapeutical
c) Drug Use during Infancy and in the elderly (Pediatrics and Geriatrics). d) Drug use during Pregnancy e) Drug induced diseases. f) The Basics of Drug Interactions. g) Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests.
Unit III:
Important disorders of Organ systems and their Management
a) Cardiovascular Disorders-Hypertension, Congestive heart Failure, Angina, Acute
Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias.
b) CNS Disorders: Epilepsy, Parkinsonism, Schizoprenia, Depression c) Respiratory Disease-Asthma. d) Gastrointestinal Disorders-Peptic ulcer, Ulcerative colitis, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis. e) Endocrine Disorders-Diabetes mellitus and thyroid Disorders. f) Infectious diseases- Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infection, Enteric Infections,
Upper Respiratory Infections.
g) Hemopoietic Disorders- Anemia's h) Joint and connective Disorders- Rheumatic Diseases, Gout and Hyperuricemia. i) Neoplastic Diseases-Acute Leukemia's, Hodgkin's disease.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Concept of Essential drugs and Rational Drug use.
Students of FHMS are either well placed or perusing higher qualifications in various
institutes of India and abroad. Every year many students of B. Pharm qualify GATE
competition which is a must for higher M.Pharm and other higher degree in academics
List Of Gate Qualified Students, each year
YEAR 2006
Shilpy 02BPH020 Gaurav Sharma 02BPH014 Jitendra Kumar 02BPH011 Uday Pratap Singh 02BPH062 Abhishek Kumar 03 BPH061
YEAR 2007
Mayank Gupta 03BPH023
Chandan Kashyap
Abhisekh Kumar
Md.Nurullah Ansari 03BPH024 Pappu
Mithilesh Kumar 04BPH012 Singh Nadkar nr. Singh 02BPH053 Rajeev Satyarthi 02BPH037
YEAR 2008
Shweta Kumari Singh
Kaushal Kr. Mehato
YEAR 2009
Amit Kumar Lav Keshari Peyush Kumar Rakesh Kumar Ravi Nandan Chaubey Rajeev Kumar
Source: http://shiats.edu.in/faculty/colleges/syllabus/15_MSPHAC.pdf
Miracle deliverance PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS - SUPERNATUAL BEINGS DELIVERANCE Nightmare Land FroM his word! Pat holliday, Ph.d. Deliverance from the Stolen Mind and Satan's Captivity By Pastor Pat Holliday on February 9, 2010 Psychoactive drugs An assortment of psychoactive drugs Psychotropic Drugs psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical or psychotropic is a
Public Health & Aging 24th Annual Student Mentoring n Gerontology and Geriatrics Key Note Address and Paper Abstracts March 29-30, 2013 Copyright © 2014 by The University of Georgia Institute of Gerontology in the College of Public Health. All rights reserved. No portion of this report, or the data that it contains, may be reproduced without the express written consent of the authors. Copies of this report may be obtained from The University of Georgia Institute of Gerontology, 255 E. Hancock Ave., Athens, GA 30602. Our website is http://www.publichealth.uga.edu/geron.
